句子多樣性(sentencevariety)是雅思寫作的一個考察重點，與雅思寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的“語法多樣性與準(zhǔn)確性”(Grammatical Range and Accuracy)密切相關(guān)。因此，句型的豐富變化也是雅思考生們必學(xué)的功課，尤其對有志沖擊雅思7分及以上高分的同學(xué)來說，更是一大加分點。
而作為英語中非常重要的一個語法現(xiàn)象，現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)和過去分詞(-ed)是提升句式多樣性的一大利器，但同時也是學(xué)習(xí)中的一個難點和易錯點。從現(xiàn)在起，Eileen老師會分四次重點分析寫作中常見的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用法，助你活學(xué)活用，為考生加分！
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞 vs. 定語從句
在寫作中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語常常可以用來替換句中的定語從句，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更精簡，形成多樣化的句式。
現(xiàn)在分詞既可修飾人，也可修飾物，被修飾的成分可以是主語、賓語或其他名詞性質(zhì)的成分。如：
(a) Thenumber of international students coming to western countries increased greatlyin recent years. 近幾年，赴西方國家的留學(xué)[微博]生數(shù)量大幅增加。
→ The number of international students who came to western countries increased greatly in recent years。
(b) Thisis a tourist book giving information about the dos and don'ts one should knowwhen they travel to South East Asia. 這是一本介紹東南亞旅游須知的導(dǎo)游書。
→ This is a tourist book that gives information about the dos anddon'ts one should know when they travel to South East Asia。
(c) Anew stadium coveringan area of 10 square kilometres will be built in the north of thecity. 城市北側(cè)將興建一座占地10平方千米的體育場。
→ A new stadium which covers an area of 10 square kilometreswill be built in the north of the city。
(d) Therewere over 1000 students studying fashion designing in this college. 這所大學(xué)里有一千多名學(xué)習(xí)時裝設(shè)計的學(xué)生。
→ There were over 1000 students who are studying fashion designing in thiscollege。
(e) Onecan hardly imagine the number of bacteria growing insidea refrigerator. 人們很難想象冰箱里滋生的細菌的數(shù)量。
→ One can hardly imagine the number of bacteria that are growing inside arefrigerator。
【注】現(xiàn)在分詞作定語成分時，它所對應(yīng)的定語從句的謂語可以是一個一般時態(tài)的動詞，如句(a)(b)(c)，也可以是一個進行時態(tài)的動詞，如句(e)(f)。
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞 vs. 狀語從句
現(xiàn)在分詞的另一重要用法是充當(dāng)狀語，通常用以表示原因或時間。
1) 表示原因：相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句
(f) Staying up latelast night, he felt asleep in the meeting this morning. 由于昨晚熬夜，他今天上午開會時睡著了。
→ As hestayed up late last night, he felt asleep in themeeting this morning。
(g) Thegovernment planned to build another metro line across the city, hoping to reduce the traffic congestion during the rush hour. 為了緩解高峰時段的交通擁堵，政府計劃再建一條穿過市區(qū)的地鐵線。
→ The government planned to buildanother metro line across the city, because they hope to reduce the trafficcongestion during the rush hour。
2) 表示時間：相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句
(h) While constructing the new residential area, the workers found anold tomb from the Ming Dynasty. 在建新住宅區(qū)時，工人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個明朝古墓。
→ Whilethey were constructing the new residential area, theworkers found an old tomb from the Ming Dynasty。
【注】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示“在做某事的過程中，發(fā)生了某事或做某事。”這時前面保留when，while等連詞。
(i) Knowing thegovernment's new environment protection policy, many high-techcompanies started developing products that are environmental-friendly. 了解了政府新出臺的環(huán)保政策后，許多高科技公司開始開發(fā)更環(huán)保的產(chǎn)品。
→ Whenthey know the government's new environment protection policy, many high-tech companies started developing products that areenvironmental-friendly。
【注】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示“一個動作一發(fā)生，另一個動作隨即發(fā)生。”
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