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出國(guó)留學(xué)后才發(fā)現(xiàn),我們?cè)谥袊?guó)不管學(xué)了多少年英語(yǔ),無(wú)論是新概念新東方新托福還是雅思,到了國(guó)外還是“不會(huì)說(shuō)話”。稍微禮貌點(diǎn)的句子就只會(huì)說(shuō)“Could you...please?”殊不知,這個(gè)用法是不夠禮貌和客氣的,雖然是問(wèn)句,雖然里面有“please”,但是還是一種要求的和輕微命令的語(yǔ)氣。所以,今天51小編就帶大家一起來(lái)看看,在國(guó)外課堂上究竟應(yīng)該如何表達(dá)自己!
課堂發(fā)言的重要性主要體現(xiàn)在三方面:
上課總是不發(fā)言,老師會(huì)認(rèn)為你的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度不端正,對(duì)這個(gè)課不感興趣或者沒(méi)有讀閱讀材料。
上課總是不發(fā)言,大家會(huì)認(rèn)為你什么都不懂,大家不會(huì)很看得起你,在課外生活中會(huì)被邊緣化。
這個(gè)占期末成績(jī)的很大一部分分?jǐn)?shù)。
其實(shí),問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵在于中外課堂發(fā)言的方式不同。中國(guó)都是老師問(wèn)一個(gè),學(xué)生答一個(gè)。學(xué)生要舉手,所以很有秩序。每次都要老師的講解貫穿在學(xué)生的發(fā)言之間,所以學(xué)生之間沒(méi)有對(duì)話。所以學(xué)生發(fā)言的時(shí)候不需要說(shuō)些承上啟下的話。
而在國(guó)外,沒(méi)什么舉手,你有的時(shí)候需要一個(gè)手勢(shì)(抬下手)或者一個(gè)聲音(Ummm, Yeah,Well之類的)把別人的注意力吸引過(guò)來(lái)即可開(kāi)講。一堆同學(xué)之間要講N個(gè)回合老師才說(shuō)話。這個(gè)時(shí)候,如果你加入到一個(gè)對(duì)話,就非常需要承上啟下,需要和別人互動(dòng),需要總結(jié)別人的話,需要明確表達(dá)自己的話和前面一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)人的話之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。
這種邏輯關(guān)系可以是:補(bǔ)充,反對(duì),支持,提問(wèn)要求再澄清,他說(shuō)的理論我再舉個(gè)例子,他說(shuō)的現(xiàn)象我升華抽象成規(guī)律和理論,我要新起個(gè)頭說(shuō)下一話題,等等各種類似的話。
那么,具體的表達(dá)方式究竟有哪些呢?
表達(dá)自己意見(jiàn)
I think that... *最簡(jiǎn)單的;
It seems to me that...*可以用作表達(dá)意見(jiàn),或者summarize或者confirm對(duì)方說(shuō)的話;
I would argue that...*這里面用would來(lái)弱化語(yǔ)氣;
Just to go along with what you said...*這句話真的很好用,承上啟下。這句話還好在,它使你現(xiàn)在插話看上去legitimate,因?yàn)槟闶菫榱撕颓懊娴哪莻€(gè)人go along啊。不趕緊接話,不就along不上了嘛;
Going back to what xxx said... * 同上。不過(guò)一般是你已經(jīng)說(shuō)了幾句,此時(shí)想要relate tosome ting 別人剛剛提到過(guò),或者蜻蜓點(diǎn)水說(shuō)道的東西,這句話的好處就是,一能bringothers onboard說(shuō)看我的說(shuō)法和你是有一致之處的,二能表現(xiàn)他剛才說(shuō)的東西你還有印象。
謙虛的反對(duì)
Correct me if I’m wrong, but isn’t [a different topic]...?
I’m not an expert on..., it seems to me that...
I suspect that I lack some [background] information about this aspect,but here is my two cents.
I am not sure about this..., you might want to check with ProfessorX... Would you mind letting me know what he/she says?
[別人說(shuō)了一堆之后]This is one way to look at it. Another way to look at it might be....
同意或者反對(duì)
I agree with you. *最簡(jiǎn)單的;
Building on what XX has just said, ....;
I am with you..., but [main point]. * 這里I am with you不一定表示同意也不一定表示反對(duì),它主要的意思是說(shuō)“你說(shuō)的我聽(tīng)懂了/我跟上你說(shuō)的了”;
I follow your logic, but have you thought about/considered this...[main point]...?*和上面一句話的邏輯是一樣的:“你說(shuō)的我明白了,但是...”;
I see what you are saying, but I’m not sure I would argue that...*和上面兩句話的邏輯一樣;
With all due respect, I think...
疑惑追問(wèn)
Just to clarify,...
May I ask a follow-up question?
Could you say more (about it)?*不確定自己是不是聽(tīng)懂了,請(qǐng)別人多解釋一些;
Could you elaborate on this?
需求幫助
I was wondering if I could talk to you about...*一般都是用過(guò)去時(shí),在email里面也是如此,而且,雖然was wondering/hoping這種進(jìn)行時(shí)看起來(lái)很怪,但是用法就是這樣子的;
I was hoping that if I could talk to you about...
I was wondering if it’d be possible that you...*
Sorry to bother you, Professor X....
I realize this is an unusual request...
I realize that you are very busy...
Thanks for your time.
Thanks in advance for your help.
It would be great if you could...*這個(gè)是最常用的,尤其是email里面。
會(huì)議報(bào)告、演講之后提問(wèn)
That’s an amazing model/useful concept, but it occurred to me that[this/something] might also play a role....Have you considered...?
Thanks for your talk. I completely agree with your conclusion, but as I’m sure you’re aware, Dr. XX explains this in a different way, and I was wondering if you could address her theory. * “but as I’m sure you’re aware”完全是給對(duì)方一個(gè)臺(tái)階下,可能那個(gè)理論他根本沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)。但是如果對(duì)方是很senior的,我們也需要客套一下。
想想看,這真的是厚臉皮換來(lái)的存在感。只要說(shuō)就是了。有時(shí),到一個(gè)新的集體,只要最開(kāi)始的時(shí)候把自己話很多,想法很多的名聲坐實(shí)了,之后就會(huì)很少人和你搶話了,你說(shuō)的慢的時(shí)候,大家也都會(huì)耐心聽(tīng),不會(huì)直接把話搶過(guò)去。
當(dāng)然,上面的句子不是萬(wàn)能的,不能生搬硬套。最好的方法不是把這些句子背下來(lái),而是每個(gè)人都能在留學(xué)生活中去發(fā)現(xiàn),去總結(jié),去實(shí)踐,得出自己的一套方法。